How to Detect Gastric Leiomyoma

Gastric leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor that develops in the smooth muscle layer of the stomach. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are essential for effective treatment. Below are the most commonly used diagnostic methods for identifying gastric leiomyoma.

X-ray with Barium Meal
One of the traditional methods for detecting gastric leiomyoma is the X-ray with barium meal. This imaging technique can reveal a mass protruding into the gastric cavity. The typical appearance includes round or oval filling defects with clear and smooth borders. The surrounding mucosa and gastric wall usually remain unaffected, and normal peristaltic function is preserved.

Ultrasound Imaging
Abdominal ultrasound is another valuable diagnostic tool. It allows doctors to visualize the tumor's location, size, growth pattern, and internal structure. On ultrasound, gastric leiomyomas typically present as well-defined, round or oval masses with uniform low echogenicity, indicating a solid and consistent internal composition.

Gastroscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasound
Gastroscopy provides a direct view of the tumor inside the stomach, allowing for accurate assessment of its size, shape, and growth characteristics. During the procedure, a biopsy can be taken to confirm the diagnosis through histopathological analysis. In some cases, endoscopic removal of the tumor may also be performed.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) enhances diagnostic accuracy by offering detailed images of both the inside and outside of the gastric wall. This method is particularly useful for detecting early-stage tumors and determining their depth and size.

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
A CT scan of the upper abdomen is often used to evaluate solid masses in relation to the gastric wall. It can clearly show tumors that protrude either into the stomach cavity or outward. These tumors are typically less than 5 cm in diameter, with smooth, round contours and uniform density. CT imaging is especially helpful in ruling out other conditions and confirming the tumor's relationship with surrounding structures.

By using a combination of these diagnostic techniques, physicians can accurately identify gastric leiomyomas and develop an appropriate treatment plan tailored to the patient's condition.