Yellow Gastric Xanthomas: Understanding the Condition and Its Implications

Yellow gastric xanthomas are lipid deposition disorders that occur in the gastric mucosa. Previously, they were considered rare and asymptomatic benign gastric lesions. These growths typically appear yellow-white in color and are pathologically characterized by clusters of foam cells filled with lipids. However, recent studies suggest a potential link between gastric xanthomas and ulcerative tumors, indicating that they might serve as a predictive marker for gastric cancer.

The exact causes and mechanisms behind gastric xanthomas remain unclear. Research suggests that chronic gastric inflammation, aging, lipid metabolism disorders, and physical or chemical irritation may play a role in their development. While most studies indicate that gastric xanthomas themselves do not require direct treatment, regular endoscopic monitoring is recommended due to their association with other conditions such as chronic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, lipid abnormalities, and underlying systemic diseases.

Managing related conditions may help reduce or resolve gastric xanthomas. Controlling chronic inflammation, treating Hp infections, correcting lipid metabolism issues, and addressing any underlying health problems are essential steps in managing this condition. These interventions not only support mucosal healing but also potentially lower the risk of more serious gastrointestinal complications.