Gastrinoma: Understanding This Neuroendocrine Tumor

Gastrinoma is not a stomach disease, but rather a condition related to the pancreas. It involves the overproduction of gastrin, an endocrine hormone typically secreted by the pancreas. This disorder arises when pancreatic cells abnormally proliferate, leading to elevated levels of gastrin in the body. Although the symptoms often manifest in the stomach, the root cause lies within the pancreas.

Patients commonly experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as chronic diarrhea and acid reflux. Elevated gastrin levels stimulate excessive gastric acid secretion, which can result in refractory peptic ulcers. These ulcers are particularly difficult to treat and may lead to complications like recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding.

If diagnosed early, surgical removal of the tumor may be recommended. Following surgery, patients often require medication to manage acid production, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), commonly known as "prazole" drugs. These medications help control gastric acid secretion and prevent ulcer recurrence.

In cases where the tumor is inoperable, alternative treatments such as chemotherapy or the use of somatostatin analogs may be considered. Somatostatin therapy can effectively suppress gastrin secretion and reduce associated complications. This approach helps manage symptoms and improve quality of life for patients who are not candidates for surgical intervention.

Managing gastrinoma requires a comprehensive treatment plan, often involving a multidisciplinary team of specialists. Regular monitoring of gastrin levels and gastrointestinal health is essential to prevent long-term complications and ensure effective disease control.