Bile Reflux Gastritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Bile reflux gastritis is a common condition diagnosed in clinical settings. During a gastroscopy, bile reflux can often be observed, with thick bile visible in the stomach's fundus. This bile typically appears yellow, green, or even black in color. It is primarily caused by issues related to the gallbladder, pancreas, or liver, such as gallstones, chronic cholecystitis, or pancreatitis.

In addition, patients who have undergone gastric surgery are also at a higher risk of developing bile reflux. This occurs because the normal anatomical structure of the digestive system may be altered, allowing bile to flow back into the stomach. When bile reflux affects the esophagus, it can lead to bile reflux esophagitis, which often causes symptoms like chest pain and a bitter taste in the mouth.

To address this issue, modern surgical techniques have been developed. For example, during certain types of gastric surgery, surgeons can reconnect the duodenum or small intestine directly to the stomach. This innovative approach helps prevent bile from entering the stomach and significantly reduces the risk of postoperative complications.

Managing bile reflux gastritis involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and, in some cases, surgical intervention. Patients are often advised to avoid fatty foods, maintain a healthy weight, and elevate the head during sleep. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and prokinetic agents are commonly prescribed to reduce acid production and improve gastrointestinal motility.

Understanding the causes and treatment options for bile reflux gastritis is essential for long-term digestive health. If left untreated, it can lead to chronic inflammation and more serious gastrointestinal disorders. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can significantly improve quality of life and prevent further complications.