What Does a Positive Hepatitis B Core Antibody Test Mean?

A positive result for hepatitis B core antibody alone usually does not carry significant meaning. There are several possible explanations for this outcome:

1. Past Infection with Hepatitis B Virus

One common reason for a positive core antibody is a previous infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). After recovery, other antibodies may fade over time, leaving only the core antibody. This occurs because the core antigen is highly immunogenic, leading to the long-term presence of core antibodies in the blood. In such cases, there is no active HBV infection in the blood or liver cells. To provide protection, individuals can receive the hepatitis B vaccine to stimulate the production of surface antibodies.

2. Laboratory Testing Errors

Another possible cause is a false-positive result due to variations in the sensitivity and specificity of different testing kits. Laboratory errors can occasionally lead to misleading outcomes. To rule out this possibility, it is advisable to repeat the test at a different facility using alternative testing methods for confirmation.

Understanding the context of a positive hepatitis B core antibody result is essential. If you receive this result, consulting with a healthcare provider for further evaluation and appropriate follow-up is recommended.