Jaundice-Type Viric Hepatitis: Understanding Its Clinical Progression

Acute jaundice-type viral hepatitis can be caused by various types of hepatitis viruses, and its clinical progression is typically divided into three distinct phases: the pre-jaundice phase, the jaundice phase, and the recovery phase. Each stage presents unique symptoms and laboratory findings that help in diagnosing and managing the condition effectively.

During the pre-jaundice phase, symptoms begin to manifest and vary depending on the virus type. In cases of Hepatitis A and E, the onset is usually sudden, with approximately 80% of patients experiencing fever accompanied by chills. On the other hand, Hepatitis B, C, and D tend to develop more gradually, with only a small percentage of individuals showing signs of fever. Common symptoms during this stage include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, aversion to fatty foods, abdominal bloating, pain in the liver area, and darkened urine. Liver function tests typically reveal elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). This phase generally lasts between 5 to 7 days.

As the disease progresses into the jaundice phase, visible signs of liver dysfunction become apparent. Patients notice increasingly dark urine, followed by the appearance of jaundice in the sclera and skin. Within 1 to 3 weeks, jaundice reaches its peak intensity. Some individuals may experience temporary changes in stool color, turning it lighter, along with symptoms like skin itching and bradycardia, which are characteristic of obstructive jaundice. Physical examination often reveals an enlarged, soft liver with a sharp edge, tenderness, and percussion pain. A mild enlargement of the spleen may also be observed in some cases. Laboratory results show elevated bilirubin levels alongside continued increases in ALT. Urine tests are positive for bilirubin. This phase can last from 2 to 6 weeks.

In the recovery phase, the body gradually regains normal function and symptoms subside. Jaundice diminishes, and the liver and spleen return to their normal sizes. Liver enzyme levels stabilize, and overall liver function improves. Patients typically regain their appetite and energy levels during this time. This final stage usually spans 1 to 2 months, making the total duration of the illness range between 2 to 4 months.

Understanding the progression of acute jaundice-type viral hepatitis is crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate care. Recognizing the distinct phases and their associated symptoms allows for better monitoring and treatment planning, ultimately supporting a smoother recovery process.