Is a Positive Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Test the Same as Hepatitis?

A positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test indicates the presence of a hepatitis B infection and reflects a state of being a virus carrier. On the other hand, hepatitis refers to active inflammation in the liver, which is typically diagnosed through blood tests showing elevated liver enzymes, such as ALT and AST.

HBsAg positivity and hepatitis are not the same thing. The former simply means you are carrying the virus, while the latter indicates active liver damage or inflammation.

Chronic hepatitis B is diagnosed only when HBsAg is positive and liver function tests are abnormal. If liver enzyme levels remain normal and other tests show no signs of liver damage, the individual is typically referred to as a "healthy carrier" of hepatitis B.

It's important to understand that these two states can transition into one another. A healthy carrier may develop hepatitis if the immune system is weakened by factors such as fatigue, lack of sleep, or alcohol consumption. Conversely, with proper treatment and lifestyle changes, individuals with chronic hepatitis B can sometimes return to a healthy carrier status or even clear the virus completely.

Regular monitoring and medical follow-up are essential for anyone with a positive HBsAg result to detect any changes in liver health early. Early detection and management can significantly reduce the risk of serious liver complications, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.