What Is Active Chronic Viral Hepatitis B

Chronic viral hepatitis B refers to liver inflammation caused by a persistent infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). After infection, some individuals may carry the virus, as indicated by the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and core antibody (HBcAb) in their blood tests. However, their liver function remains normal, and they do not experience symptoms such as fatigue or jaundice. This phase is known as the immune tolerance stage, where regular monitoring is recommended, but treatment is generally not required.

Over time, some patients may experience changes in their liver function tests, including elevated levels of liver enzymes like ALT or AST, as well as increased bilirubin. When these biochemical changes occur, or when patients develop noticeable symptoms such as fatigue, jaundice, or digestive issues like poor appetite and indigestion, the condition is classified as active chronic hepatitis B.

During this active phase, the immune system begins attacking liver cells infected with HBV, leading to inflammation and potential liver damage. It is crucial to initiate timely medical intervention during this stage to slow disease progression and reduce the risk of complications such as cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Regular screening and early detection of disease activity are essential for managing chronic hepatitis B effectively. Patients should maintain routine follow-ups with their healthcare provider to monitor liver health and determine the appropriate time to start treatment.

In summary, active chronic viral hepatitis B is a stage of the disease marked by liver inflammation and dysfunction, requiring prompt diagnosis and management to prevent long-term damage. Understanding the transition from the immune tolerance phase to the active phase is key to improving patient outcomes and ensuring optimal liver health.