Common Symptoms of Chronic Hepatitis B

Chronic hepatitis B can present a variety of symptoms that may develop gradually over time. Recognizing these signs early is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management. Below are the most commonly observed symptoms associated with chronic hepatitis B infection.

General Weakness and Fatigue
One of the earliest and most common symptoms is persistent fatigue. Patients often feel tired and lack energy even after adequate rest. Other general symptoms may include mild fever and sleep disturbances such as insomnia or vivid dreams.

Changes in Appetite and Digestive Issues
Digestive problems are frequently reported among individuals with chronic hepatitis B. These may include a reduced appetite, nausea, aversion to fatty foods, and a feeling of bloating. These symptoms occur due to the liver's reduced ability to process nutrients and produce bile efficiently.

Jaundice and Skin Changes
Jaundice is a key indicator of liver dysfunction. It occurs when the liver fails to process bilirubin properly, leading to elevated levels in the blood. This results in yellowing of the skin and eyes, dark urine, and sometimes itchy skin.

Pain or Discomfort in the Liver Area
Pain or tenderness in the upper right abdomen or right rib cage area may also occur. This discomfort can range from mild to severe and should be evaluated to rule out other conditions such as gallbladder disease, liver cancer, or gastrointestinal issues.

Enlarged Liver and Physical Changes
Inflammation of the liver can cause it to swell, leading to a condition known as hepatomegaly. In later stages, as liver cells are damaged and fibrosis develops, the liver may actually shrink. Additionally, physical signs such as a dull complexion (referred to as liver face), palmar erythema (red palms), and spider angiomas (small, spider-like blood vessels visible on the skin, typically on the face, neck, chest, and upper limbs) may appear.

Reproductive and Hormonal Symptoms
Chronic hepatitis B can also affect hormonal balance. Men may experience erectile dysfunction or a reduced sex drive, while women may encounter menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), or decreased libido.

If left untreated, chronic hepatitis B can progress to liver fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for regular screening and appropriate treatment to prevent serious complications.