Common Medical Tests for Hepatitis Diagnosis

When diagnosing hepatitis, doctors typically use a combination of medical tests to assess liver health and identify the underlying cause. These tests provide valuable insights into the function and condition of the liver. Below are the most commonly used diagnostic methods:

1. Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

Liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are measured to detect liver damage or inflammation. Elevated levels often indicate liver stress or disease.

2. Blood Tests for Serum Analysis

This includes checking coagulation (clotting ability), kidney function, and blood ammonia levels. These indicators help determine how well the liver is performing its metabolic and detoxification roles.

3. Imaging Techniques

Ultrasound and CT scans are frequently used to visualize the liver and detect abnormalities such as enlargement, fatty deposits, or structural changes. These non-invasive tools are essential for early diagnosis and monitoring.

4. Liver Biopsy

In certain cases, a liver biopsy may be recommended. This procedure involves taking a small tissue sample to examine under a microscope, helping identify the cause and extent of liver damage.

5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

MRI scans are particularly useful in diagnosing specific liver conditions such as amyloidosis, glycogen storage diseases, and Wilson's disease, which affects copper metabolism.

6. Liver Stiffness Measurement

Techniques like FibroScan assess liver elasticity and stiffness, offering a non-invasive way to evaluate fibrosis or cirrhosis without the need for a biopsy.

These diagnostic tools, when used together, allow healthcare providers to create a comprehensive picture of liver health and guide appropriate treatment strategies for patients with hepatitis.