Common Symptoms of Chronic Hepatitis

Chronic hepatitis can manifest through a variety of symptoms, which are generally categorized into systemic and localized signs. Recognizing these symptoms early can help in timely diagnosis and management of the condition.

Systemic Symptoms

One of the most common experiences among patients is persistent fatigue and a general sense of weakness. These symptoms may be accompanied by mild fever, insomnia, and frequent dreams, which can be related to the body's immune response and overall discomfort.

Digestive System Symptoms

When liver function is impaired, it can lead to a decrease in bile production. This often results in digestive issues such as loss of appetite, nausea, intolerance to fatty foods, upper abdominal discomfort, and bloating. These symptoms are often among the first signs noticed by individuals with chronic hepatitis.

Jaundice and Related Complications

In more severe cases, liver damage affects the processing of bilirubin — a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. This leads to elevated bilirubin levels in the blood, which causes the skin and eyes to appear yellow, a condition known as jaundice. The earliest sign is often darkening of the urine. Additionally, bile acid excretion may be disrupted, causing elevated levels in the bloodstream and potentially leading to skin itching due to deposition in the skin layers.

Pain or Discomfort in the Liver Area

Patients with chronic hepatitis B typically do not experience sharp or severe pain. However, some may feel discomfort, tenderness, or a dull ache in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, where the liver is located.

Liver and Spleen Enlargement

Inflammation, congestion, and swelling can cause the liver and spleen to enlarge during the early stages. However, in advanced stages where significant liver cell damage occurs, the liver may shrink due to fibrosis and tissue contraction.

Extrahepatic Manifestations

Chronic hepatitis, especially when it progresses to cirrhosis, can lead to distinct physical changes. These include a darkened, dull complexion known as "liver face," as well as palmar erythema, or redness of the palms, which is commonly referred to as "liver palms." These signs are often linked to hormonal imbalances and impaired liver function.