Understanding the Key Indicators for Hepatitis Diagnosis

When it comes to diagnosing hepatitis, especially types B and C, there are several important blood tests that can provide valuable insights. One of the most common methods is checking the Hepatitis B panel, which includes five different markers, or testing for Hepatitis C antibodies. These tests help determine whether a person has been infected, is currently infected, or has developed immunity to the virus.

For a more comprehensive understanding of liver health, liver function tests (LFTs) are essential. These blood tests measure enzymes, proteins, and substances in the liver and can indicate whether there is any damage to liver cells. If the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is positive, it typically means a person has chronic Hepatitis B. On the other hand, a positive Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) suggests immunity, either from vaccination or previous exposure, and may mean that further immunization is unnecessary.

Unlike Hepatitis B antibodies, a positive Hepatitis C antibody test indicates past or current infection with the Hepatitis C virus. It's important to follow up with a viral load test to confirm active infection and determine the appropriate treatment plan.

Both Hepatitis B and C require viral load testing to assess the stage of the disease and determine whether the hepatitis is in an active phase. In some cases, elevated liver enzymes such as ALT and AST may signal liver inflammation, which often requires consultation with a hepatologist or gastroenterologist. Depending on the severity, doctors may prescribe liver-protecting medications to reduce damage and monitor liver function regularly.

Once liver enzyme levels return to normal, these protective medications may be discontinued. However, antiviral therapy is often required long-term to manage the virus and slow the progression of liver disease, including the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Regular monitoring and early intervention are crucial for maintaining liver health and improving long-term outcomes.