Hepatitis Blood Tests: Understanding Key Indicators

When diagnosing hepatitis, especially chronic hepatitis B and C, specific blood tests are essential for accurate results. The most common tests include the hepatitis B panel (also known as HBV five-item testing) and hepatitis C antibody testing.

The hepatitis B panel primarily checks for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb). If HBsAg is positive, it indicates an active hepatitis B infection. On the other hand, if HBsAg is negative and HBsAb is positive, this suggests that the person has immunity against hepatitis B. This immunity can result from previous exposure to the virus or from receiving the hepatitis B vaccine.

Unlike hepatitis B, a positive hepatitis C antibody test does not indicate immunity but rather exposure to the hepatitis C virus. Therefore, a positive result usually means the person has been infected with hepatitis C at some point. However, to confirm an active infection, further testing such as HCV RNA testing is required.

Both hepatitis B and C require viral load testing (HBV DNA or HCV RNA) to confirm diagnosis and assess the level of viral replication. This information helps doctors determine whether antiviral treatment is necessary. If left untreated, high viral loads can lead to significant liver damage.

In addition to viral markers, liver function tests are crucial. Elevated levels of liver enzymes such as ALT and AST may indicate liver inflammation or damage. In such cases, patients may require hepatoprotective therapy, including oral medications or intravenous treatments, to support liver function and prevent further deterioration.

Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to managing chronic hepatitis and preventing long-term complications such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. Always consult a healthcare professional for personalized medical advice and treatment options.