What Does a Positive Hepatitis C Antibody Test Result Mean?

A positive hepatitis C antibody test indicates that you have been exposed to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) at some point in your life. However, this result alone cannot confirm whether you currently have an active infection. To determine if the virus is still present, a follow-up test for HCV RNA, which detects the virus's genetic material, is necessary.

If HCV RNA is detected, it means the virus is actively replicating in your body, and antiviral treatment is strongly recommended. Even if your liver function appears normal, eliminating the virus is crucial to prevent long-term complications such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. Early treatment significantly reduces the risk of severe liver damage and improves long-term health outcomes.

On the other hand, if no HCV RNA is found, it likely means that you had a past infection that your body cleared on its own, and no further treatment is needed.

Modern antiviral therapies, known as direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), have revolutionized hepatitis C treatment. These oral medications offer cure rates exceeding 95% and typically require a treatment duration of just 3 to 6 months. DAAs are highly effective, well-tolerated, and have minimal side effects compared to older treatment options.

Because chronic hepatitis C can progress silently and lead to life-threatening conditions like cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, it is essential to undergo treatment as soon as a chronic infection is confirmed. Regular monitoring and timely intervention can help protect liver health and prevent disease progression.

In summary, a positive hepatitis C antibody result should always be followed by HCV RNA testing to determine if active infection is present. If so, prompt treatment with DAA medications is the best course of action to ensure a full recovery and long-term wellness.