High Levels of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen: What You Need to Know

When a person has high levels of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), it typically indicates an active infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This antigen is a protein produced by the virus and is one of the earliest markers of infection. Higher concentrations of HBsAg often correlate with increased viral load in liver cells, suggesting more active viral replication.

If HBsAg is detected at high levels or is positive, it's essential to conduct further diagnostic tests. These usually include a Hepatitis B panel (such as HBV-DNA testing), liver function tests, kidney function tests, complete blood count (CBC), urinalysis, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing. Imaging studies like an abdominal ultrasound of the liver, gallbladder, and spleen are also recommended to assess overall liver health.

The purpose of these tests is twofold: first, to evaluate how actively the virus is replicating, and second, to determine whether the virus has caused any damage to the liver. A comprehensive medical history is also crucial, especially regarding any family history of liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It's also important to assess for any extrahepatic manifestations of the disease.

Based on the results, doctors can determine whether to initiate antiviral therapy. For patients with chronic Hepatitis B, effective antiviral treatment is key to reducing liver inflammation, slowing or preventing fibrosis, and reducing the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Antiviral therapy also helps prevent hepatic decompensation and improves overall liver function.

Moreover, antiviral treatment has been shown to significantly improve life expectancy and quality of life for those living with chronic Hepatitis B. Therefore, for individuals who test positive for HBsAg, a thorough evaluation is necessary to decide whether starting antiviral therapy is appropriate. Since antiviral treatment is the most effective way to prevent progressive liver damage, it plays a central role in managing chronic Hepatitis B and should not be overlooked.