Cholestasis Hepatitis: Understanding the Symptoms and Their Impact

Cholestasis hepatitis is a condition characterized by the impairment of bile flow from the liver, leading to a buildup of bile acids in the body. This disruption can cause a variety of symptoms that affect multiple systems. Recognizing these symptoms early is crucial for effective management and improved quality of life.

1. Jaundice – A Prominent Sign of Liver Dysfunction
One of the most noticeable symptoms is jaundice, which results in the yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. This occurs due to the accumulation of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells break down. In cholestatic liver disease, the liver's inability to excrete bilirubin into bile leads to its buildup in the bloodstream.

2. Persistent Itching – A Distressing and Common Symptom
Pruritus, or severe itching, is another hallmark of cholestasis hepatitis. This discomfort is primarily caused by the deposition of bile salts in the skin and their interaction with nerve endings. The itching often worsens during periods of rest, especially at night, leading to sleep disturbances and skin damage from constant scratching. In some cases, patients may develop open sores or scabs due to repeated irritation.

3. Nutritional Deficiencies and Related Complications
Long-term bile stasis interferes with the digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Deficiencies in these essential nutrients can lead to a range of health issues. For example, vitamin A deficiency may result in night blindness and dry skin, while impaired vitamin K absorption can lead to poor blood clotting and increased bleeding risk. Vitamin D deficiency contributes to weakened bones, particularly in adults, the elderly, and postmenopausal women, heightening the risk of osteoporosis. Additionally, fat malabsorption can cause steatorrhea—fatty, foul-smelling stools—often accompanied by weight loss and general malnutrition.

4. Digestive Issues – Including Chronic Diarrhea
The lack of sufficient bile in the intestines hampers the emulsification of dietary fats, resulting in fat malabsorption. This can lead to chronic diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and unintended weight loss. Patients may also experience bloating and a feeling of fullness due to impaired digestion.

In summary, cholestasis hepatitis presents with a range of symptoms that extend beyond the liver, affecting the skin, digestive system, and overall nutritional status. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent long-term complications. If you experience persistent jaundice, unexplained itching, or digestive issues, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation.