What Are the Symptoms of Chronic Hepatitis

Chronic hepatitis refers to liver inflammation that lasts for more than six months. This condition can develop silently, with symptoms gradually appearing over time. Recognizing these signs early can be crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. Below are the most common symptoms associated with chronic hepatitis.

Digestive System Disturbances

One of the earliest and most common indicators of chronic hepatitis is a disturbance in the digestive system. Patients may experience a loss of appetite, especially for oily or fatty foods, along with persistent fatigue and abdominal bloating. In more advanced cases, nausea and vomiting may also occur, which can significantly affect daily life and nutrition.

Jaundice and Skin Changes

Jaundice is a well-known symptom of liver dysfunction. It typically presents as yellowing of the skin and eyes, accompanied by dark urine. This occurs when the liver is unable to properly process bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells.

Development of Liver Spots and Spider Nevi

Long-term liver damage can impair the body's ability to regulate hormone levels, particularly estrogen. As a result, some patients may develop visible signs such as palmar erythema—redness in the palms, especially around the base of the thumb and little finger. Spider nevi, which are small, spider-like blood vessels visible on the skin, may also appear on the face, neck, and upper torso. These are caused by dilated blood vessels and are often a sign of advanced liver disease.

Characteristic Facial Appearance

Chronic liver disease can lead to noticeable changes in a person's appearance. Patients often develop a dull, grayish, or yellowish complexion known as "chronic liver disease face." This change is due to a combination of factors, including poor nutrition, toxin buildup, and altered blood flow in the skin.

Abnormal Breast Development in Men

Men with chronic hepatitis may experience gynecomastia, or breast enlargement, sometimes accompanied by the formation of breast tissue nodules. This is linked to hormonal imbalances caused by impaired liver function, particularly the liver's reduced capacity to metabolize estrogen.

Proteinuria and Kidney Involvement

In some cases, chronic liver disease—especially hepatitis B—can lead to kidney complications. Proteinuria, or the presence of excess protein in the urine, is one such sign. This condition may indicate immune-related damage to the kidneys and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to prevent further organ deterioration.

Understanding these symptoms can help individuals seek medical attention earlier, improving the chances of managing the disease effectively. If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these signs, it's important to consult a doctor for proper testing and diagnosis.