Causes Of Chronic Hepatitis

Chronic hepatitis is a condition characterized by liver inflammation and damage lasting more than six months. It can be triggered by a wide range of factors, with the most common being viral infections, alcohol consumption, medication side effects, and autoimmune responses. While some types of hepatitis, like hepatitis A, are typically short-lived and resolve with treatment, others can persist and lead to long-term liver damage. Below are the primary causes of chronic hepatitis:

Viral Infections

Hepatitis B and C are the most common viral causes of chronic liver inflammation. When the hepatitis B or C virus enters liver cells, it can establish a long-term presence. The body's immune system attempts to fight off the virus, but in doing so, it can mistakenly attack healthy liver cells. This immune response leads to liver cell damage, elevated liver enzymes, jaundice, and ongoing inflammation that can progress to chronic liver disease.

Autoimmune Liver Diseases

In some cases, the body's immune system mistakenly targets liver cells due to the presence of abnormal antibodies on their surface. This immune dysfunction results in chronic inflammation and destruction of liver tissue. Autoimmune hepatitis is more commonly diagnosed in women and can lead to serious liver complications if left untreated.

Lifestyle And Dietary Factors

Excessive alcohol consumption and poor dietary habits are major contributors to chronic liver disease. Alcohol contains ethanol, which is metabolized into acetaldehyde—a toxic substance that damages liver cells and promotes inflammation. Similarly, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often linked to high-fat diets, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles. When fat accumulates in the liver, it can lead to inflammation and impaired liver function over time.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Certain medications and supplements can also cause chronic liver damage. These include cholesterol-lowering drugs, specific antibiotics, and unregulated herbal remedies or dietary supplements. Some of these substances contain compounds that are toxic to liver cells, leading to inflammation and potential long-term liver injury. Monitoring medication use and consulting with a healthcare provider is essential for minimizing this risk.