Elevated Transaminase Levels Without Hepatitis: What You Need To Know

When patients visit the clinic for routine check-ups, some may discover that their transaminase levels are higher than normal during a physical exam. Transaminases, such as ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase), are commonly used markers of liver function. Even if a patient does not have hepatitis, elevated transaminase levels can still occur due to a variety of reasons.

First, it's possible that the patient had a past liver condition without being aware of it. This could include undiagnosed viral hepatitis or autoimmune liver diseases. In some cases, further testing after a routine check-up may reveal active hepatitis B infection. These conditions can silently affect liver function and lead to elevated enzyme levels.

Second, there are several liver-related causes for elevated transaminases other than the common types of hepatitis. For example, excessive alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic liver disease or fatty liver. Patients who consume a high-fat diet or are overweight are also more likely to develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which can increase transaminase levels. Autoimmune liver diseases, where the body's immune system attacks the liver, can also be a cause. Additionally, the use of certain supplements or unregulated traditional herbal medicines may lead to drug-induced liver injury, which can also raise these enzyme levels.

Third, elevated transaminase levels are not always due to liver issues. ALT and AST are not only found in liver cells but can also be present in other organs such as the heart and kidneys. For example, patients with heart attacks or heart failure may also show elevated transaminase levels. This is because tissue damage in these organs can release the enzymes into the bloodstream.

In conclusion, elevated transaminase levels can be caused by both liver-related and non-liver-related conditions. If you find yourself in this situation, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation and accurate diagnosis.