Understanding the Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus

Hepatitis E is a common type of viral hepatitis that primarily spreads through the fecal-oral route, which means it is transmitted via the digestive tract. The hepatitis E virus (HEV) can contaminate food and water sources, and when ingested by a susceptible individual, it enters the gastrointestinal system. From there, the virus is absorbed and travels to the liver, where it replicates and causes damage, leading to inflammation, and in severe cases, liver necrosis and acute active hepatitis.

High-Risk Groups for Hepatitis E Infection

This disease is most commonly observed in older adults, particularly elderly men, who are more likely to develop symptomatic infection. The typical clinical presentation of hepatitis E is acute jaundice hepatitis. In the early stages of infection, patients may experience symptoms such as fever and mild flu-like discomfort.

Common Symptoms of Hepatitis E

Additional signs of hepatitis E include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, aversion to oily foods, yellowing of the eyes and urine, and discomfort in the liver area. If these symptoms occur, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly and undergo liver function tests. A key indicator of liver damage is a sudden increase in liver enzymes, particularly alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), often accompanied by elevated bilirubin levels.

Diagnostic Criteria for Hepatitis E

The diagnosis of hepatitis E is confirmed through specific blood tests known as the "HEV duo," which detect antibodies against the virus. A significant increase in both IgM and IgG antibodies indicates an active or recent infection with hepatitis E. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to prevent complications and ensure a full recovery.