Viral Hepatitis: Understanding Its Classification and Preventive Measures

Viral hepatitis is classified as a Category B infectious disease, which requires strict management and control measures. Once diagnosed, cases must be reported online within 24 hours, and immediate isolation protocols should be followed to prevent further transmission.

For hepatitis A and E, which are spread primarily through the fecal-oral route, gastrointestinal isolation is essential. Patients should use separate utensils that are cleaned and disinfected individually. Healthcare providers and caregivers must also maintain proper hand hygiene after coming into contact with infected individuals.

In the case of hepatitis B, C, and D, the primary transmission routes include bloodborne exposure, mother-to-child transmission, and sexual contact. The blood of infected individuals is highly contagious and cannot be used for blood donation. Any medical instruments or surfaces contaminated with blood must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.

Family members of individuals with hepatitis B or C are considered high-risk and should undergo screening for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies, as well as hepatitis C antibodies. If no immunity is detected, it is strongly recommended that they receive the hepatitis B vaccine to prevent infection.

For pregnant women with hepatitis B, maternal-fetal transmission blocking measures are crucial to protect the newborn. Women of childbearing age who have hepatitis C should seek treatment before planning a pregnancy, as there are currently no effective methods to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C. It is advisable to clear the virus before becoming pregnant to ensure a healthier outcome.