What Health Indicators Should Be Checked During a Fatty Liver Examination?

When undergoing a medical checkup for fatty liver disease, there are several key health indicators and tests that doctors typically focus on. These assessments help in diagnosing the condition accurately and understanding its underlying causes. Below are the most common and effective diagnostic methods used:

1. Biochemical Blood Tests

One of the first steps in detecting fatty liver is through liver function tests. These tests measure levels of enzymes and proteins in the blood. In particular, elevated levels of liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) may be observed. Typically, these values may be 2 to 3 times higher than the normal upper limit, indicating possible liver damage or inflammation.

2. Imaging Examinations

Imaging techniques are essential for confirming the presence of fat accumulation in the liver. Ultrasound scans and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to visualize the liver and detect signs of fatty degeneration. These non-invasive tests can show changes in liver texture and density, which are typical in fatty liver disease.

3. Additional Blood Tests and Metabolic Screening

If initial tests suggest fatty liver, further blood work is often recommended. This includes a complete blood count (CBC), blood glucose levels, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin), and uric acid testing. These indicators help assess overall metabolic health and can reveal conditions such as insulin resistance or diabetes, which are closely linked to fatty liver development.

4. Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Fatty liver is often associated with metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. If abnormal lipid or glucose levels are found, additional tests such as carotid ultrasound may be conducted to check for arterial plaque buildup. Echocardiograms and heart function tests can also help evaluate the risk of coronary artery disease, ensuring a comprehensive health assessment.

5. Insulin Function and Resistance Testing

In cases where blood sugar levels are high, doctors may recommend tests to evaluate insulin function. These tests can help determine whether insulin resistance is contributing to liver fat accumulation, which is crucial for planning effective treatment strategies.

In summary, a comprehensive fatty liver checkup involves a combination of biochemical tests, imaging studies, and metabolic and cardiovascular evaluations. By analyzing these key indicators, healthcare professionals can not only diagnose fatty liver but also identify related health risks and tailor appropriate interventions.