What Is Fatty Liver And How Serious Is It?

Fatty liver disease occurs when fat accumulates inside liver cells, replacing normal liver tissue. This condition, known as hepatic steatosis, can be detected through imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans. Depending on the severity observed in these scans, fatty liver can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe. There are two main types: simple fatty liver and fatty liver hepatitis. When liver cells begin to die, it may lead to elevated liver enzymes and impaired liver function, indicating the presence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Fatty liver disease is broadly categorized into alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There are also rare forms such as acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Alcoholic fatty liver is primarily caused by long-term and excessive alcohol consumption, while non-alcoholic fatty liver is often associated with obesity, high-fat diets, and metabolic syndrome. In most cases, fatty liver disease is not life-threatening and is considered manageable, especially in its early stages.

However, the seriousness of fatty liver disease depends on its progression. If liver function deteriorates significantly or if the condition develops into acute fatty liver during pregnancy, serious complications can arise. In advanced cases, fatty liver can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, or even hepatic encephalopathy—a condition where the liver can no longer remove toxins from the blood, affecting brain function. Early diagnosis and lifestyle changes are crucial in preventing the condition from worsening.

It's important to monitor liver health through regular check-ups and blood tests, especially for individuals at higher risk due to alcohol use, obesity, or diabetes. Making dietary adjustments, exercising regularly, and avoiding alcohol can significantly improve liver function and reduce the risk of complications.