How to Determine the Severity of Fatty Liver Disease

Fatty liver disease can be assessed through imaging techniques such as CT scans or through histological evaluation of liver tissue. One of the most common methods involves measuring the liver-to-spleen CT ratio, while another relies on analyzing the extent of hepatic steatosis (fat accumulation in liver cells). Here's a detailed breakdown:

Mild fatty liver is diagnosed when the liver-to-spleen CT ratio falls between 0.7 and 1.0 or when 5% to 33% of liver cells show signs of fatty changes. At this stage, symptoms are often minimal or absent, and the condition may be reversible with lifestyle modifications.

Moderate fatty liver occurs when the CT ratio ranges from 0.5 to 0.7 or when fatty changes affect 33% to 65% of liver cells. This stage may begin to show mild liver dysfunction and could lead to progressive damage if not addressed.

Severe fatty liver is identified when the liver-to-spleen CT ratio is 0.5 or lower, or when more than 65% of liver cells are affected by fat accumulation. In such cases, the liver is more likely to exhibit signs of inflammation, cellular injury, and even fibrosis.

The severity of fatty liver disease correlates with the extent of liver damage. As fat accumulation progresses, it can lead to noticeable symptoms such as fatigue, abdominal discomfort, and abnormal liver enzyme levels in blood tests.

Early diagnosis and lifestyle intervention are crucial in preventing the progression of fatty liver disease. Managing weight, improving diet, and increasing physical activity can significantly impact the health of the liver and potentially reverse early-stage fatty liver.