Fatty Liver Disease: Understanding the Severity of Advanced Stages

Fatty liver disease can become a serious health issue when it progresses to the severe stage. In cases of severe fatty liver disease, more than 65% of the liver tissue undergoes fat accumulation, as indicated by imaging tests such as CT scans, where the liver-to-spleen CT ratio is typically ≤ 0.5. At this stage, the condition may be accompanied by abnormal liver function, liver fibrosis, and in some cases, cirrhosis. If patients with severe fatty liver disease are exposed to additional stressors such as bacterial or viral infections, hepatotoxic medications, or excessive alcohol consumption, it can lead to liver cell death and potentially life-threatening liver failure.

Moreover, severe fatty liver disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Patients with this condition are significantly more likely to develop heart-related illnesses or stroke compared to those without it. This highlights the importance of early intervention and comprehensive management to mitigate both liver and systemic health risks.

The treatment and management of severe fatty liver disease primarily focus on addressing the underlying causes. For individuals who are overweight or obese, weight loss is a key factor in reversing liver damage. A structured approach to diet and lifestyle changes is essential. This includes consuming a balanced diet rich in fiber, low in sugar and unhealthy fats, and incorporating more vegetables while limiting high-sugar fruits. Protein intake should be moderately increased, and consumption of animal fats and fried foods should be minimized.

In addition to dietary changes, patients should aim to reduce daily caloric intake by 500–1000 calories and avoid late-night snacking, particularly high-calorie evening meals. Combining these dietary adjustments with regular aerobic exercise is crucial. Experts recommend aiming for a 10% reduction in body weight over the course of one year to significantly improve liver health. Maintaining the reduced weight is equally important to prevent relapse and ensure long-term recovery.

Although severe fatty liver disease is a concerning condition, it is not without effective treatment options. With proper medical guidance, lifestyle modifications, and consistent follow-up, patients can achieve meaningful improvements in liver function and overall health. Early and sustained intervention is key to preventing complications and enhancing quality of life.