Moderate Fatty Liver: Understanding the Condition and Its Implications

Moderate fatty liver, also known as moderate hepatic steatosis, refers to a condition where 33% to 65% of liver cells are infiltrated with fat. In imaging tests such as CT scans, this is typically indicated by a liver-to-spleen attenuation ratio between 0.5 and 0.7. This stage of fatty liver often coincides with abnormal liver function tests, suggesting the presence of liver inflammation, cellular damage, or necrosis. Elevated levels of liver enzymes such as ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase), and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) may be observed, and in some cases, bilirubin levels may also rise. This progression is often referred to as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) when not caused by alcohol consumption.

Patients with moderate fatty liver may experience mild symptoms such as fatigue, bloating, reduced appetite, or occasional diarrhea. Some individuals may also report a low-grade fever. Without timely intervention, moderate fatty liver can lead to fibrosis, which is the scarring of liver tissue. Over time, this fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis—a more severe and irreversible stage of liver disease. Although the condition may develop slowly, neglecting lifestyle changes and medical support can accelerate its progression to advanced fatty liver disease or cirrhosis.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing moderate fatty liver and preventing further liver damage. Lifestyle modifications, including weight loss, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding alcohol and harmful medications, play a central role in improving liver health. In certain cases, doctors may recommend specific medications or supplements to support liver function and reduce inflammation.

Monitoring liver health through regular check-ups and blood tests is highly recommended for individuals diagnosed with moderate fatty liver disease. Proactive care can halt or even reverse the condition, especially when addressed in its earlier stages.