Can Liver Function Tests Detect Liver Cancer?

Liver function tests (LFTs) are not designed to detect liver cancer directly. These tests primarily measure biochemical markers such as bilirubin and transaminase levels, which help assess the general health and functioning of the liver. However, they do not provide specific information about the presence of cancerous growths.

The primary blood test used in liver cancer detection is for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker that can be elevated in some liver cancer cases. While not all liver cancers produce AFP, it remains a commonly used initial screening tool, especially for individuals at higher risk due to conditions like cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B infection.

In addition to blood tests, imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI are crucial for diagnosing liver cancer. These tools allow doctors to visualize the liver and identify suspicious masses or abnormal growths. In many hospitals today, comprehensive liver cancer screening programs have been introduced, combining blood analysis with advanced imaging technologies.

Some medical centers are also incorporating tests for abnormal prothrombin levels, known as PIVKA-II, which can serve as an additional biomarker for liver cancer. Another advanced diagnostic method being used in select facilities is PET-CT scanning, which helps detect cancer spread and assess tumor metabolism.

Furthermore, many hospitals now offer multidisciplinary team (MDT) consultations for liver cancer patients. This approach involves specialists from various fields—including surgery, oncology, radiology, pathology, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy—who collaborate to develop a personalized and comprehensive treatment plan. This team-based strategy has shown promising results, with some patients experiencing improved outcomes and better quality of care.