How to Differentiate Between Esophagitis and Esophageal Cancer

Esophagitis typically affects younger individuals, while esophageal cancer is more commonly diagnosed in older adults. The symptoms of these two conditions can vary significantly, offering key clues for differentiation.

Esophagitis often presents with symptoms such as acid reflux, heartburn, or discomfort and pain behind the breastbone. These symptoms are usually related to irritation of the esophageal lining caused by stomach acid. In many cases, they tend to improve with lifestyle changes or medications that reduce acid production.

On the other hand, esophageal cancer may cause sensations such as a persistent foreign body feeling in the throat or a noticeable obstruction during swallowing. Patients may feel as though food is sticking to the walls of the esophagus. Additionally, unexplained fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite, and a general decline in physical health are more commonly associated with esophageal cancer. These symptoms tend to be more severe and progressive over time.

The most reliable method for distinguishing between the two conditions is through an endoscopic examination (gastroscopy). During this procedure, a doctor can visually inspect the esophagus and identify any abnormal areas. If necessary, tissue samples can be taken during the endoscopy for further pathological analysis to confirm the diagnosis.

It is especially important for individuals aged 45 and above to consider early screening. If someone around the age of 70 experiences difficulty swallowing, persistent foreign body sensation, or a feeling of blockage in the esophagus, prompt endoscopic evaluation is highly recommended. Early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes, particularly in cases of esophageal cancer.