Causes Of Vomiting Blood In Late-Stage Esophageal Cancer

Vomiting blood during the late stages of esophageal cancer can be alarming and is typically linked to several underlying medical conditions. Understanding these causes is crucial for timely medical intervention and better management of the disease.

One of the primary reasons is tumor rupture due to uncontrolled growth. If the patient has not undergone surgical removal of the tumor, the cancerous tissue can continue to grow and eventually rupture, leading to internal bleeding and hematemesis (vomiting of blood).

Another possible cause is damage caused by radiation therapy. Patients who have undergone radiotherapy may develop narrowing (stricture) in the treated area of the esophagus. This can make swallowing difficult and increase the risk of tearing or bleeding, especially after eating coarse or poorly chewed food.

In some cases, the cancer may spread and invade nearby major blood vessels or the trachea. When the tumor penetrates into the windpipe or large vessels in the mediastinum, it can cause life-threatening hemorrhage and result in coughing up blood or vomiting blood.

Co-existing gastrointestinal ulcers can also contribute to bleeding. Patients suffering from esophageal ulcers or peptic ulcers in the stomach might experience bleeding episodes that manifest as hematemesis, further complicating their condition.

If a patient with advanced esophageal cancer begins vomiting blood, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can help prevent severe complications such as hypovolemic shock or airway obstruction. Emergency interventions may include endoscopic procedures, blood transfusions, or palliative care measures depending on the patient's overall condition and prognosis.