Can Esophageal Ulcers Turn Into Esophageal Cancer?

Esophageal ulcers may carry a risk of developing into esophageal cancer if left untreated or if they recur frequently. These ulcers are often caused by factors such as foreign body irritation, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and prolonged exposure to stomach acid. Common symptoms include heartburn, acid regurgitation, belching, and chest pain. When an ulcer forms in the esophagus, the protective mucosal lining becomes damaged, leading to discomfort and inflammation.

With timely treatment, most esophageal ulcers can be effectively managed, and patients typically experience a positive outcome. Medical intervention usually involves medications to reduce acid production, lifestyle changes, and addressing the underlying causes such as GERD or infection. Healing the mucosal lining significantly lowers the risk of complications, including the potential for malignant transformation.

However, if an esophageal ulcer is neglected or recurs often, the persistent inflammation and tissue damage can increase the likelihood of abnormal cell growth. In some cases, what appears to be an ulcer may actually be a symptom of existing esophageal cancer. This occurs when cancerous cells invade surrounding tissues, breaking down the mucosal barrier and mimicking ulcer-like symptoms.

For this reason, it's crucial to undergo a biopsy when an esophageal ulcer is detected. A pathological examination of the tissue can determine whether the ulcer is benign or if cancerous or precancerous changes are present. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing serious complications and improving long-term health outcomes.