Common Sites for Esophageal Cancer Development

The esophagus, also known as the food pipe, has three natural physiological curves, all of which are common sites for the development of esophageal cancer. Early detection and treatment are crucial. Below is a detailed overview:

The First Physiological Curve: This area is located at the junction of the pharynx and the esophagus, approximately 15 cm from the incisors. It corresponds to the level of the cricoid cartilage and the sixth cervical vertebra, known as the upper segment. About 10% of esophageal cancers occur in this region.

The Second Physiological Curve: Found 7 cm below the esophageal inlet and approximately 25 cm from the incisors, this curve lies at the anatomical level of the sternal angle and the fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae. This middle segment is the most common site, accounting for nearly 57% of all esophageal cancer cases.

The Third Physiological Curve: This occurs where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm at the esophageal hiatus—the narrowest part of the esophagus—approximately 40 cm from the incisors. This lower segment accounts for more than 20% of esophageal cancer occurrences.

Understanding these common sites can help in early diagnosis and targeted screening, which are essential for effective treatment outcomes.