Liver Cancer Ablation Surgery Drawbacks

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) plays a crucial role in the treatment of liver cancer, particularly for small tumors typically less than 3 cm in size. In such cases, its effectiveness is comparable to that of surgical resection. However, RFA does come with several notable disadvantages:

1. Heat-Induced Tumor Expansion and Residual Cells

During RFA, thermal energy is used to destroy cancerous tissue. However, the heating process can cause the tumor to expand as it necrotizes, potentially pushing cancer cells outward. This phenomenon may lead to residual tumor cells at the margins or even local invasion, increasing the risk of recurrence. Regular follow-up imaging is essential after the procedure to monitor for any signs of remaining or recurring cancer.

2. Post-Ablation Angiogenesis and Tumor Recurrence

Following ablation, there is a possibility of new blood vessel formation—a process known as angiogenesis. This can promote tumor regrowth and is often associated with elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Recent advances in targeted therapies have shown promise in mitigating this effect by inhibiting VEGF and reducing the likelihood of recurrence after ablation or surgery.

Despite these drawbacks, liver cancer ablation remains a valuable and often necessary treatment option, especially for patients who are not candidates for more invasive procedures. When used appropriately and followed by careful monitoring, RFA can still offer significant clinical benefits.