Liver Cancer in Advanced Stages: Why Feet Begin to Swell

In the advanced stages of liver cancer, it is common for patients to experience swelling in the feet and lower legs. This symptom typically occurs due to several underlying medical reasons.

Low levels of albumin in the body can lead to fluid retention. The liver plays a vital role in producing proteins, including albumin, which helps maintain the balance of fluids in the bloodstream. When liver function declines in late-stage liver cancer, the production of albumin drops significantly. As a result, the reduced albumin levels cause a decrease in the osmotic pressure within blood vessels, making it easier for fluid to leak into surrounding tissues. This can lead to swelling in the legs and feet, as well as fluid buildup in the abdomen (ascites) and chest (pleural effusion).

Swelling can also be caused by pressure on the inferior vena cava. As the tumor grows larger, it may compress the inferior vena cava, the major vein responsible for returning blood from the lower body to the heart. When this vein is obstructed, blood flow becomes restricted, leading to a buildup of fluid in the lower extremities. This condition is known as venous outflow obstruction and is a frequent contributor to leg swelling in patients with advanced liver cancer.

Understanding these causes can help both caregivers and patients recognize the importance of monitoring for edema and seeking appropriate medical support to manage symptoms effectively.