Liver Cancer Patients In Advanced Stages Experience Leg Swelling – Here's Why

In the advanced stages of liver cancer, patients often experience swelling in the legs and feet, primarily due to low levels of albumin. Most liver cancer cases develop on the foundation of cirrhosis. In China, this is commonly caused by hepatitis B or C related cirrhosis, while in Western countries, alcohol-related cirrhosis is a more prevalent cause. These conditions can progress to advanced cirrhosis and eventually liver cancer, although other factors may also contribute to cirrhosis.

When cirrhosis occurs, liver function deteriorates, leading to a reduced capacity to produce essential proteins. Even in cases where cirrhosis isn't present, liver cancer itself can impair liver function. During the late stages of liver cancer, tumors rapidly consume nutrients, especially proteins, while the liver's ability to synthesize these proteins declines. This imbalance between protein production and consumption results in a significant drop in albumin levels, causing hypoalbuminemia.

Hypoalbuminemia affects the body's ability to maintain proper fluid balance within blood vessels. Without enough albumin to regulate osmotic pressure, fluid leaks out of the bloodstream and accumulates in the tissue spaces, such as under the skin or between muscles, leading to edema. As a result, patients in the advanced stages of liver cancer may develop widespread swelling, particularly in the lower extremities. Since the legs are used for walking and are often in a dependent position, gravity further contributes to fluid accumulation, making swelling more noticeable in these areas.