Can Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Turn Into Liver Cancer?

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), a common indicator of chronic hepatitis B infection, places individuals at a higher risk of developing liver cancer. Studies show that the annual incidence of liver cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis B is approximately 0.5% to 1%. For those who have progressed to liver cirrhosis, the risk increases to 3% to 6% annually.

Long-term suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication is crucial in reducing the risk of liver damage, fibrosis, and ultimately liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis B patients, especially those with the "big three positive" pattern, should actively seek medical intervention to control viral activity. By managing the virus effectively, it's possible to slow or even prevent the progression to cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Antiviral therapy plays a central role in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and significantly lowers the likelihood of liver-related complications. Whether or not a patient with the big three positive pattern should undergo antiviral treatment depends on several factors, including liver function, family history, and the presence of liver damage or fibrosis. Patients with cirrhosis or a family history of liver cancer are typically advised to begin antiviral therapy immediately.

Age and liver condition are key factors in determining the need for treatment. Individuals over the age of 30 who show signs of liver inflammation or significant fibrosis should consider starting antiviral therapy. However, younger patients with minimal liver damage may be monitored closely without immediate treatment, through a process known as active surveillance.

Regular medical evaluations are essential for early detection and intervention. It is highly recommended that patients consult with a hepatology specialist to assess their condition and determine the most appropriate course of action. Early diagnosis and consistent management are vital in reducing the long-term risks associated with chronic hepatitis B infection.