Liver Cancer and Hematemesis: What You Should Know

Liver cancer patients experiencing hematemesis should not attempt self-medication and must seek immediate hospitalization. Vomiting blood in liver cancer cases is typically caused by portal hypertension, which leads to the development of esophageal and gastric varices. When these enlarged veins rupture, significant internal bleeding can occur. Once the volume of blood accumulated in the stomach reaches approximately 300ml, the patient may begin to vomit blood. This condition often presents with symptoms of hypovolemia, such as thirst, cold sweats, palpitations, dizziness, and reduced urine output.

Oral medications are ineffective in controlling bleeding once hematemesis occurs in liver cancer patients. Instead, urgent medical care is required, including continuous intravenous administration of drugs to reduce portal pressure and suppress gastric acid production. Alongside this, fluid replacement therapy is essential to stabilize blood pressure and counteract the effects of blood loss. Patients with liver cancer are at a higher risk for gastrointestinal bleeding, especially when the disease has progressed to involve portal vein metastasis or thrombosis. These complications further elevate portal pressure, increasing the likelihood of bleeding and making it more challenging to achieve hemostasis.

Early hospitalization is crucial for effective management of bleeding episodes. Delaying treatment can lead to severe complications such as hemorrhagic shock, which poses a life-threatening risk. Prompt medical intervention not only helps control the immediate bleeding but also improves the overall prognosis for liver cancer patients facing such complications.

Understanding the risks and acting quickly can make a significant difference in outcomes. Patients and caregivers should be aware of the signs of internal bleeding and have a clear action plan in place to respond swiftly in emergency situations.