Late Complications Following Curative Surgery for Gastric Cancer

After undergoing curative surgery for gastric cancer, patients may experience various late complications. While early complications such as bleeding, organ damage, and fistulas are more immediate concerns, the long-term effects can significantly impact quality of life and overall health. Below are some of the most common late complications associated with this type of surgery.

1. Dumping Syndrome

One of the more frequently observed long-term issues is dumping syndrome. This condition occurs when food moves too quickly from the stomach into the small intestine. It is often caused by altered gastrointestinal motility following surgery. Symptoms can include bloating, nausea, diarrhea, and dizziness after eating.

2. Bile and Alkaline Intestinal Fluid Reflux

Another potential complication is the reflux of bile and alkaline intestinal fluids. These substances can flow back into the stomach or even reach the esophagus, leading to discomfort, inflammation, and in some cases, further damage to the remaining gastric tissue.

3. Nutritional Deficiencies

Since the stomach plays a key role in digestion and nutrient absorption, partial or total gastrectomy can lead to malnutrition. Patients may experience deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals such as iron, vitamin B12, and calcium, requiring dietary adjustments or supplementation.

4. Increased Risk of Remnant Gastric Cancer

For patients who have part of their stomach removed, the remaining gastric tissue carries a significantly higher risk of developing cancer—approximately 6 to 7 times greater than that of the general population. Regular endoscopic monitoring is crucial to detect any early signs of new malignancies and ensure timely intervention.

In conclusion, while curative surgery for gastric cancer can be life-saving, it also brings the risk of several long-term complications. Understanding these potential issues and maintaining a proactive follow-up plan can greatly improve postoperative outcomes and long-term survival.