Can PET-CT Detect Stomach Cancer?

PET-CT plays a supportive role in the detection of stomach cancer, though it is not typically used for a definitive diagnosis. While this imaging technique offers high sensitivity and accuracy, diagnosing gastric cancer usually requires a gastroscopic examination followed by a biopsy for histopathological or immunohistochemical analysis.

As a non-invasive diagnostic tool, PET-CT has significant value in early disease detection, including early-stage gastric cancer and metastases. It is particularly useful for identifying malignant tumors and has proven effective in some gastric cancer cases. However, its ability to detect certain types of stomach cancer is limited. For example, signet ring cell carcinoma, a type of mucinous poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, may not show up clearly on PET-CT due to lower uptake of the 18F-FDG tracer, potentially leading to false-negative results.

Despite these limitations, PET-CT still provides valuable insights through its CT imaging component. This aspect can reveal gastric wall thickening, prompting physicians to consider the possibility of stomach cancer. In some cases, doctors may also identify the origin of metastatic lesions, helping determine if the primary cancer originated in the stomach.

While PET-CT is a helpful tool for evaluating gastric tumors, it should be followed by more specific diagnostic procedures. To confirm a diagnosis, further testing such as endoscopy remains essential. Combining PET-CT findings with other diagnostic methods improves the overall accuracy of gastric cancer detection and staging.