Radiation Therapy or Chemotherapy for Stomach Cancer: Which Is Better?

When it comes to treating stomach cancer, the best approach depends largely on the stage at which the cancer is diagnosed. Early-stage stomach cancer refers to cases where the tumor is confined to the mucosa or submucosal layer, with or without lymph node involvement. In such cases, endoscopic resection is often a viable option. This minimally invasive procedure allows for quicker recovery and, in some instances, can lead to a complete cure without the need for follow-up radiation or chemotherapy. Notably, early-stage stomach cancer often does not cause noticeable symptoms, which is why regular endoscopic screenings are highly recommended for early detection and treatment.

For more advanced cases, the primary role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy is to serve as adjuvant or palliative treatments. These therapies can significantly improve quality of life and extend survival when used appropriately. Here are some key scenarios where these treatments are typically recommended:

Post-surgery treatment is often advised for patients with stage T3 to IV cancer or those with positive lymph nodes. This helps reduce the risk of recurrence and improves long-term outcomes.

For patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease that cannot be surgically removed, neoadjuvant therapy (treatment before surgery) is generally recommended. This can shrink the tumor and make it operable, increasing the chances of successful removal.

In cases of local recurrence or distant metastasis, palliative radiation therapy may be used to relieve symptoms and improve comfort. While it may not be curative, it plays a crucial role in managing pain and other complications associated with advanced cancer.

Ultimately, the choice of treatment will depend on a comprehensive evaluation of the tumor's pathology, clinical staging, and the patient's overall health and organ function. The goal is always to either achieve a cure or to control the disease as effectively as possible, thereby extending survival and enhancing the patient's quality of life.