How Gastroscopy Helps in Detecting Stomach Cancer

Gastroscopy is a highly effective method for detecting stomach cancer, especially when combined with biopsy analysis. During the procedure, doctors can visually examine the stomach lining and identify abnormal areas that may indicate cancer. Based on the appearance and biopsy results, a diagnosis can be made. Here's how the process works for different stages of stomach cancer:

Advanced Stomach Cancer
In the later stages, cancerous changes are often more visible during gastroscopy. For example:
- If the lesion is described as a space-occupying lesion in the antrum or angularis, and the pathology confirms well-differentiated, poorly differentiated, or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, a diagnosis of stomach cancer can be made.
- Additionally, if the biopsy reveals signet ring cell carcinoma or gastric differentiated adenocarcinoma, and the endoscopic findings include pale mucosa and unclear vascular patterns, this strongly supports a cancer diagnosis.

Early-Stage Stomach Cancer
Detecting cancer in its early stages can be more challenging, as changes may be subtle.
- If the pathology report indicates high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, there is a strong possibility of early gastric cancer. This result requires further evaluation and close monitoring.
- In some cases, if the biopsy sample is inadequate or limited, the result may show low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. In such cases, it can be difficult to make a definitive diagnosis based solely on one gastroscopy. Doctors often recommend treatment for any associated conditions, such as gastritis, followed by a repeat endoscopy after 3–6 months to monitor for any changes in the tissue.

Regular Follow-ups Are Essential
For patients with uncertain or borderline results, regular follow-up exams are crucial. These help track any progression or regression of abnormal cells, allowing for early intervention if cancer develops. Gastroscopy remains one of the most reliable tools for early detection and ongoing management of stomach cancer.