Gastrin-17 Elevated: Does It Mean Stomach Cancer?

Gastrin-17 is a hormone produced by G cells in the stomach, and elevated levels do not necessarily indicate stomach cancer. The secretion of Gastrin-17 is primarily influenced by the number of G cells in the gastric antrum and the acidity level in the stomach. One of the most common causes of elevated Gastrin-17 levels is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, which can reduce the number of G cells and disrupt the normal acid production process. This disruption can lead to decreased stomach acid and a breakdown in the negative feedback regulation by somatostatin, resulting in a condition known as hypergastrinemia.

Chronic gastritis or atrophic gastritis may also lead to increased Gastrin-17 levels. These conditions can cause a reduction in acid-producing cells, which in turn may stimulate the body to produce more Gastrin-17. While long-term chronic inflammation of the stomach can increase the risk of developing gastric cancer, it is important to note that elevated Gastrin-17 alone is not a definitive sign of cancer.

If a blood test reveals high Gastrin-17 levels, it is advisable to check other tumor markers such as CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) and CA19-9, which are more commonly associated with gastric malignancies. Additionally, for individuals experiencing symptoms like abdominal pain, indigestion, or unexplained weight loss, an endoscopic examination is highly recommended to visually assess the condition of the stomach lining and detect any abnormal changes or tumors at an early stage.