Peripheral Edema In Gastric Cancer Patients: Causes And Management

Gastric cancer patients may experience peripheral edema, particularly in the legs and feet, due to a variety of underlying health issues. One of the primary causes is malnutrition, which is common in individuals suffering from advanced gastric cancer. As the disease progresses, patients often experience weight loss, reduced appetite, digestive difficulties, and hypoalbuminemia—a condition characterized by low levels of albumin in the blood. Hypoalbuminemia can lead to fluid accumulation in the lower extremities, especially in areas affected by gravity, such as the feet and ankles.

In addition to nutritional deficiencies, patients in the later stages of cancer may develop a hypercoagulable state, increasing the risk of venous thrombosis. This is especially true for those who are less active or bedridden, as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the legs can obstruct venous return and cause swelling in both lower limbs. Moreover, lymphatic obstruction due to pelvic lymph node metastasis can also impair lymphatic drainage and contribute to leg edema.

It is important to note that while hypoalbuminemia typically causes bilateral swelling, other conditions such as DVT or lymphatic blockage may present with unilateral edema. This distinction is crucial for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. To determine the underlying cause, healthcare providers often recommend diagnostic imaging such as ultrasound, along with blood tests to assess protein levels and coagulation status.

Management strategies may include protein supplementation, diuretic therapy, and targeted interventions based on the identified cause of edema. Early detection and appropriate medical care are essential in improving patient comfort and overall outcomes.