Can H. pylori Testing Detect Stomach Cancer?

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a well-known risk factor for stomach cancer, but it cannot directly detect the presence of gastric cancer. While there is a clear link between H. pylori and the development of certain gastric conditions, including stomach cancer, having this bacterial infection does not mean a person will definitely develop cancer.

H. pylori is a common bacterium that colonizes the stomach lining, particularly around the pyloric region. It is strongly associated with the development of peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis. Long-term infection with H. pylori can increase the likelihood of developing gastric malignancies, although it is not a definitive indicator of cancer itself. This is similar to how patients with cirrhosis have a higher risk of liver cancer—while the risk is elevated, not every individual with the condition will progress to cancer.

When a person tests positive for H. pylori, it means they have an increased risk of developing stomach-related diseases, including gastric cancer, over their lifetime. However, the presence of H. pylori should be viewed as a contributing factor rather than a diagnostic marker for cancer. Many individuals with H. pylori never develop serious complications, and other factors such as genetics, diet, and environmental influences also play significant roles in the onset of stomach cancer.

In summary, while H. pylori testing is valuable for assessing gastric health and identifying individuals at higher risk, it cannot be used alone to diagnose stomach cancer. Those with confirmed H. pylori infection are often advised to undergo regular screenings and adopt preventive measures to reduce their overall risk.