Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis: Dietary Guidelines for Better Kidney Health

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) nephritis is an immune-mediated condition that often arises as a result of hypersensitivity to certain medications or foods. One of the key aspects in managing this condition effectively lies in identifying and eliminating potential dietary triggers. Since food allergies can exacerbate inflammation and worsen kidney function, patients are strongly advised to monitor their reactions closely and avoid any known allergens.

Understanding Food Triggers in HSP Nephritis

Diet plays a critical role in controlling the symptoms of HSP nephritis. Common food allergens such as shellfish, nuts, dairy, eggs (other than egg whites), and processed foods with artificial additives may provoke immune responses. Keeping a detailed food diary can help pinpoint specific items that lead to flare-ups. Elimination diets, under medical supervision, may also be beneficial in confirming sensitivities.

Sodium Intake and Fluid Balance

Reducing salt consumption is essential, especially when HSP nephritis is accompanied by hypertension or fluid retention. Excess sodium can increase blood pressure and worsen edema, putting additional strain on the kidneys. Experts recommend limiting daily sodium intake to less than 3 grams (approximately 3,000 mg), which is equivalent to about one teaspoon of salt. This means avoiding high-sodium foods like canned soups, processed meats, fast food, and salty snacks.

Practical Tips for Lowering Salt

Cooking at home using fresh ingredients, reading nutrition labels carefully, and flavoring meals with herbs and spices instead of salt can make a significant difference. Opting for low-sodium versions of common pantry staples further supports healthy blood pressure and kidney function.

Nutrition for Protein Loss and Recovery

In cases where 24-hour urine protein excretion reaches nephrotic range levels—typically more than 3.5 grams per day—patients need to focus on high-quality protein sources to maintain muscle mass and support healing without overburdening the kidneys.

Recommended High-Quality Proteins

Foods rich in complete proteins with high biological value are ideal. These include:

Chicken egg whites (low in fat and highly digestible)
Quail eggs (nutrient-dense and less allergenic for some)
Lean poultry such as chicken, duck, and goose
Lean cuts of pork and beef (in moderation)

These proteins supply essential amino acids while minimizing waste products that the kidneys must filter.

Additional Dietary Considerations

Beyond protein and sodium, maintaining a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fiber supports overall immune and renal health. Fresh fruits (except those causing allergic reactions), vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats like olive oil or avocado can contribute to reduced inflammation and improved recovery outcomes.

Staying well-hydrated with adequate water intake—unless otherwise restricted by a physician—is also important for flushing toxins and supporting kidney filtration. However, fluid intake should be adjusted if significant edema or oliguria is present.

Ultimately, individualized nutrition plans developed with a registered dietitian or nephrology specialist offer the best path forward. Regular monitoring of kidney function, blood pressure, and urinary protein levels allows for timely adjustments to diet and treatment, leading to better long-term prognosis for individuals living with HSP nephritis.