Common Causes of Colitis and What You Need to Know

Colitis refers to inflammation of the colon, which can result from a variety of factors. The most common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and in some cases, the presence of mucus, pus, or blood in the stool. During a colonoscopy, signs such as intestinal congestion, swelling, erosion, or even shallow ulcers may be observed.

There are several types of colitis, each with distinct causes. One major category is infectious colitis, which can be caused by harmful microorganisms. For example, bacterial infections like Shigella (bacillary dysentery) or parasitic infections such as Entamoeba histolytica (amebic colitis) can lead to severe inflammation of the colon.

Another type is ischemic colitis, which occurs when there is reduced blood flow to the colon due to various reasons. This lack of blood supply can lead to tissue damage, necrosis, and bleeding. It often affects older adults and can be caused by conditions such as atherosclerosis or blood clots.

In addition, autoimmune diseases can also lead to chronic colitis. Conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease fall into this category. These are long-term disorders where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the gastrointestinal tract, causing persistent inflammation and discomfort.

It's important to note that not all types of colitis can be completely cured. Autoimmune forms such as ulcerative colitis typically require lifelong management with medication to control symptoms and prevent flare-ups. However, infectious colitis can often be resolved with targeted antibiotic or antiparasitic treatments.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for improving outcomes. If you experience persistent digestive issues, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and care.