Does IgA Nephropathy Run in Families?

IgA nephropathy, also known as Berger's disease, is a chronic kidney condition characterized by the buildup of immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposits in the glomeruli—the filtering units of the kidneys. This leads to inflammation and can impair kidney function over time. While it's not classified as a hereditary disease in the traditional sense, research suggests there may be a familial predisposition in certain cases.

Understanding the Genetic Link

Although IgA nephropathy does not follow a clear Mendelian pattern of inheritance—meaning it doesn't pass directly from parent to child in a predictable genetic manner—studies have shown that some families exhibit a higher incidence of the disease. This suggests that genetic factors may play a contributory role, possibly involving multiple genes and environmental triggers.

What Science Says About Family Clustering

Recent international studies have identified specific gene variants associated with immune system regulation and mucosal defense that may increase susceptibility to IgA deposition in the kidneys. For instance, variations in the HLA region and genes related to IgA production have been linked to higher risk. However, having these genetic markers doesn't guarantee disease development, indicating that other factors like infections, diet, or immune responses are also involved.

Is IgA Nephropathy Contagious?

No, IgA nephropathy is not contagious. Unlike infectious diseases, it cannot be transmitted from person to person or from humans to animals. Patients and their families should be reassured that daily contact, sharing meals, or close relationships pose no risk of transmission.

Distinguishing Between Hereditary and Familial Patterns

It's important to differentiate between a true genetic disorder and a condition with familial clustering. While hereditary diseases follow identifiable inheritance patterns (like cystic fibrosis or Huntington's disease), IgA nephropathy shows only a tendency to appear more frequently within certain families—likely due to shared genetic backgrounds and common environmental exposures, rather than a single defective gene.

What Should Patients Do?

Patients diagnosed with IgA nephropathy should focus on proactive management rather than worry about genetic transmission. Working closely with nephrologists, maintaining blood pressure control, managing proteinuria, and adopting a kidney-friendly lifestyle are key steps toward preserving long-term kidney health. Ongoing monitoring and early intervention significantly improve outcomes.

In summary, while IgA nephropathy may appear in multiple family members, current evidence does not support classifying it as a genetic disease. Instead, it reflects a complex interplay of immune, genetic, and environmental factors. Awareness, regular check-ups, and healthy living remain the best defense for at-risk individuals.