Ulcerative Colitis: Commonly Affected Areas and Treatment Options

Ulcerative colitis is a type of autoimmune disorder, and while its exact cause remains unknown, it primarily affects the inner lining of the large intestine. The most commonly affected areas include the rectum and the sigmoid colon. In some cases, the inflammation may extend to the descending colon or even the entire colon.

The disease typically presents with localized lesions that mainly damage the mucosa and submucosa of the colon. Although symptoms can improve with proper treatment, ulcerative colitis often recurs, making long-term management essential.

A combination of Western and traditional Chinese medicine is commonly used in treatment. Patients may benefit from oral medications such as berberine and probiotics. Additionally, local treatments like retention enemas are often prescribed, which may include ingredients such as Xileisan (a traditional Chinese medicine), dexamethasone, gentamicin, and smectite powder. These help reduce inflammation and support intestinal healing.

Proper medical supervision is crucial for managing flare-ups and maintaining remission, improving quality of life for patients with ulcerative colitis.