What Is Colitis?

Colitis is not a specific disease but rather a general term used to describe inflammation of the colon. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors and encompasses a wide range of diseases. Depending on the onset and duration, colitis can be categorized as either acute or chronic.

Acute colitis often results from infections—either bacterial or viral—and typically presents with symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. In some cases, diarrhea caused by food intolerance can also fall under this category.

On the other hand, chronic colitis develops over time and may stem from persistent bacterial or parasitic infections. One well-known form of chronic colitis is ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by recurring episodes of inflammation in the colon lining.

The main clinical features of ulcerative colitis include abdominal discomfort and the passage of mucus or blood in the stool. During a colonoscopy, signs such as redness, swelling, and ulcers in the colon's mucosa are commonly observed. These changes usually begin in the rectum and can extend to involve the entire colon in more severe cases.

Once diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, patients require a structured and consistent treatment plan. Even during periods of remission, ongoing medication is necessary to prevent relapses. For some individuals who experience frequent flare-ups, long-term or even lifelong therapy might be required to manage the condition effectively.

Understanding the different types and causes of colitis is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. If left untreated, colitis can lead to serious complications, making early medical intervention crucial.