How to Diagnose Colitis

If a patient experiences symptoms that may indicate colitis, it's important to undergo proper diagnostic procedures to prevent the condition from worsening. Here are some of the most effective methods used in diagnosing colitis:

Blood tests can reveal key indicators of colitis. During a flare-up, patients often show a decrease in hemoglobin levels, with more severe cases displaying significantly low hemoglobin. Additionally, white blood cell counts tend to rise during active phases of the disease, and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is commonly observed, which signals inflammation in the body.

X-ray with barium enema helps visualize structural changes in the colon. This imaging technique allows doctors to detect abnormalities such as rough or irregular mucosal patterns, stiffened intestinal walls, and shortened bowel segments—common signs associated with colitis.

Colonoscopy provides a direct view of the colon's inner lining. This is one of the most reliable diagnostic tools for identifying colitis. During the procedure, a gastroenterologist can examine the entire colon and the end of the small intestine (terminal ileum) for signs of inflammation, ulcers, or other mucosal changes. It also allows for biopsy sampling if needed.

These diagnostic approaches are essential for confirming colitis and determining the appropriate treatment plan based on the severity and extent of the disease.