Signs and Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis Flare-Ups

Ulcerative colitis flare-ups can manifest through a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, including bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. One of the most characteristic signs is the presence of mucus, pus, and blood in the stool.

When ulcerative colitis recurs, the digestive system often experiences functional disturbances. Due to impaired intestinal function, gas cannot be properly absorbed, leading to a sensation of fullness or swelling in the abdomen.

Before visible ulcers form on the intestinal mucosa, there is usually an initial phase of mild inflammation. This early inflammation triggers the release of inflammatory mediators that irritate the smooth muscle of the intestinal wall, causing spasms and resulting in abdominal discomfort or pain.

As the inflammatory process progresses, increased intestinal motility leads to frequent bowel movements and diarrhea. The colon plays a key role in water absorption and stool formation, but during a flare-up, this function becomes compromised, resulting in loose, watery stools.

A hallmark symptom of disease recurrence is the passage of stools containing mucus, pus, and blood. This occurs due to the erosion of the colon lining and the formation of ulcers, which bleed and produce exudate. Patients may also experience urgency and incomplete evacuation sensations during bowel movements.

Recognizing these symptoms early and seeking appropriate medical care can help manage flare-ups more effectively and improve quality of life for individuals living with ulcerative colitis.